MUSSA (Mobile User Assistant for Smart School Assessment): Development of An AI-Based Learning Assessment Platform
Abstract
Indonesian language learning assessment in elementary schools is generally still dominated by manual methods oriented towards final results, making the provision of formative feedback suboptimal. This study aims to develop and test the feasibility of the MUSSA (Mobile User Assistant for Smart School Assessment) web-based platform as an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based digital assistant for assessing student essays. This study employs the Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The feasibility of the platform was evaluated by media and material experts, followed by a longitudinal field trial (six meetings) involving 74 5th-grade students and 3 teachers across three elementary schools in West Java. Expert validation results showed an average feasibility percentage of 86% (Highly Valid). In the implementation stage, the platform was deemed highly practical by teachers (87.2%) for reducing grading. Nevertheless, findings indicate that the AI feedback language (Natural Language Processing) needs to be refined to be more child-friendly.
References
Al-Imamah, A., et al. (2023). Harnessing the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Language Assessment: A Systematic Comprehensive Review. TELL-US Journal, 9(3), 7366. https://doi.org/10.22202/tus.2023.v9i3.7366
Arikunto, S. (2020). Evaluasi Program Pendidikan: Pedoman Teoritis Praktis Bagi Mahasiswa dan Praktisi Pendidikan. Bumi Aksara.
Borg, W. R., & Gall, M. D. (2003). Educational research: An introduction. Allyn & Bacon.
Branch, R. M. (2009). Instructional design: The ADDIE approach. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09506-6
Chassignol, M., Khoroshavin, A., Klimova, A., & Bilyatdinova, A. (2018). Artificial Intelligence trends in education: a narrative overview. Procedia Computer Science, 127, 16-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2018.01.003
Chuang, P.-L., & Yan, X. (2025). Language assessment in the era of generative artificial intelligence: Opportunities, challenges, and future directions. System, 134, 103846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2025.103846
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Fathurrachman, S., & Saputri, N. E. (2025). Teacher’s Perceptions and Institutional Preparedness for Implementing AI in Learning Assessment at The Elementary School Level. IQRO: Journal of Islamic Education, 8(1), 49-60. https://doi.org/10.24256/iqro.v8i1.6484
Fleckenstein, J., Liebenow, L. W., & Meyer, J. (2023). Automated feedback and writing: A multi-level meta-analysis of effects on students' performance. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 6, 1162454. https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2023.1162454
Gilster, P. (1997). Digital literacy. Wiley Computer Publishing.
Hake, R. R. (1998). Interactive-engagement versus traditional methods: A six-thousand-student survey of mechanics test data for introductory physics courses. American Journal of Physics, 66(1), 64–74. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.18809
Hanis, M., & Wahyudin, D. (2024). Pemanfaatan Artificial Intelligence (AI) Dalam Penyusunan Asesmen Pembelajaran Bagi Guru Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Ilmiah Profesi Pendidikan, 9(2), 1199–1207. https://doi.org/10.29303/jipp.v9i2.2252
Holmes, W., Bialik, M., & Fadel, C. (2019). Artificial intelligence in education: Promises and implications for teaching and learning. Center for Curriculum Redesign. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23707-9
Holmes, W., Bialik, M., & Fadel, C. (2019). Artificial intelligence in education: Promises and implications for teaching and learning. Center for Curriculum Redesign.
Luckin, R., Holmes, W., Griffiths, M., & Forcier, L. B. (2016). Intelligence unleashed: An argument for AI in education. Pearson Education.
Molenda, M. (2015). In search of the elusive ADDIE model. Performance Improvement, 54(2), 40–42. https://doi.org/10.1002/pfi.21461
Purba, N., Pujiati, D., et al. (2025). The Use of AI in Elementary School Learning: A Systematic Literature Review. QALAMUNA Jurnal Pendidikan, 17(1), 6761. https://doi.org/10.37680/qalamuna.v17i1.6761
Redecker, C., & Johannessen, Ø. (2013). Changing assessment — Towards a new assessment paradigm using ICT. European Journal of Education, 48(1), 79–96. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.12018
Richey, R. C., & Klein, J. D. (2007). Design and development research. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Riduwan. (2012). Dasar-dasar Statistika. Alfabeta.
Sabri, M., & Wais, A. (2025). Artificial Intelligence dalam Pengukuran dan Penilaian Pendidikan: Kajian Literatur dari Perspektif Inovasi Evaluatif. Jurnal Evaluasi Pendidikan, 16(2), 95–107. https://doi.org/10.21009/jep.v16i2.60738
Sabri, M., & Wais, A. (2025). Artificial intelligence dalam pengukuran dan penilaian pendidikan: Kajian literatur dari perspektif inovasi evaluatif. Jurnal Evaluasi Pendidikan, 16(2), 95–107. https://doi.org/10.21009/jep.v16i2.60738
Sholeh, M. I., Sokip, Syafi’i, A., & Sulistyorini. (2024). Artificial Intelligence in Education: Transforming Assessment and Personalized Learning. Journal of Education and Learning Sciences, 4(1), 118. https://doi.org/10.56404/jels.v4i1.118
Steiss, J., Tate, T., Graham, S., Cruz, J., Hebert, M., Wang, J., Moon, Y., Tseng, W., Warschauer, M., & Olson, C. B. (2024). Comparing the quality of human and ChatGPT feedback of students’ writing. Learning and Instruction, 91, 101894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2024.101894
Sugiyono. (2017). Metode Penelitian Pendidikan Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Alfabeta.
Zawacki-Richter, O., Marín, V. I., Bond, M., & Gouverneur, F. (2019). Systematic review of research on artificial intelligence applications in higher education – Where are the educators?. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 16(1), 39. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-019-0171-0
Zhai, X., He, P., & Li, Y. (2020). Examining the effects of artificial intelligence–based educational tools on students’ literacy learning: A systematic review. Computers & Education, 151, 103857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2020.103857
Copyright (c) 2026 Saddam Fathurrachman, Novi Eka Saputri

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Penulis yang menerbitkan karya ilmiahnya di Likhitaprajna setuju dengan ketentuan berikut: manuskrip yang diajukan dan dipublikasikan tetap menjadi hak publikasi penulis dengan karya yang dilisensikan secara bersamaan di bawah Lisensi Internasional Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

